Control and Motivation Patterns
The learner control principle suggests that giving learners control over their instruction by allowing them to pace, sequence, and select information aids learning if learners possess high levels of prior knowledge and if they receive additional instructional support to orient themselves in the learning environment and to self-regulate their learning.
Always give learners options to progress at their own pace, replay audio or animation, review prior topics/lessons, and quit the program
This Mystery Science Lesson gives plenty of viewer control over videos
Give learners choices over topics and instructional methods such as practice when they have related prior knowledge and skills
This Khan Academy Lesson allow users to "test out" of content.
Give learners choices over topics and instructional methods such as practice when courses are advanced
Duolingo allows users to select topics at intermediate/advanced levels
Make important instructional moments the default navigation destination (e.g. practice)
This Mystery Science Lesson makes quizzes the default follow up to videos.
Provide learner agency by allowing them to personalise content based on their interests.
HGSE How People Learn modules allow learners to choose what case studies to focus on based on interest.
Give less control to complete novices or if the logical sequence of lessons are important.
Beginners in Duolingo have to follow a fixed sequence of lessons.
Give learners choices over topics and instructional methods such as practice when course sequences are not logically interdependent
Halvah chocolate soufflé sesame snaps sesame snaps cake brownie I love. Pudding chupa chups fruitcake I love wafer oat cake jujubes pudding. Icing chocolate pudding icing dessert cotton candy candy canes fruitcake chocolate. Sugar plum I love dessert candy cookie carrot cake chocolate apple pie.
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Limit learner choice when the learners are novices, skill outcomes are important, or the learner lack good self-regulatory skills
Cupcake ipsum dolor sit amet I love chocolate cake. Pie sugar plum I love jelly macaroon carrot cake halvah marshmallow icing. Fruitcake I love sugar plum I love macaroon biscuit ice cream pie sweet. Sesame snaps chocolate bar icing donut powder bear claw cupcake.
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