Modality Principle
The modality principle states that low-experience learners more successfully understand information that uses narration rather than on-screen text. This is due to the idea that on-screen text may produce a cognitive overload if it is accompanied by other visual elements.
Use relevant graphics explained by brief audio narration to communicate content to novice learner
This video from Twig Education explains how neurons work with visuals of neurons in the foot, paired with descriptive narration.
Maintain information the learner needs time to process as on‐screen text, such as directions to tasks, new terminology
This interactive quiz on IXL Math uses a modal UI element to present hints and tips. Learners never need to switch from the main task.
Script virtual coaches to present instructional content such as examples and hints via audio
This Lingokids painting activity narrates instructions.
ps: not a perfect example. The idea here is to leverage dual processing channels - the learner listening to instructions is better than reading instructions while also performing the task.