Redundancy

The redundancy principle (or redundancy effect) suggests that redundant material interferes with rather than facilitates learning

Do not present words as both on‐screen text and narration when there are graphics on the screen

This Twig “Glossary” video presents a graphic and definition on screen, without voiceover descriptions.

If using onscreen text: shorten to key info, and place annotation next to relevant graphic

Twig Education videos use text graphics to highlight key words